Within the next few hundreds of years, a large asteroid could collide with our planet. Although there is no evidence that an asteroid is currently on a collision course with Earth, craters on Earth and the moon indicate that asteroid strikes have occurred often over the lifetime of the solar system. The damage to the Earth's environment from a large impact can be catastrophic, with fatal consequences for life. It is widely believed that the dinosaurs went extinct because of such an impact event 65 million years ago.
We also face the possibility of manmade catastrophes. A nuclear conflict could end life as we know it and destroy a large part of the biosphere. Global warming, whether it occurs through manmade pollution or because of some natural climate cycle, also could result in the extinction of many species.
But if we have a laboratory where we can maintain a DNA bank and a pool of species, creating a modern Noah's Ark, then we can potentially recover from such catastrophes.
I think the moon could be used as such a repository in case there is ever a global disaster on Earth. As a lifeboat, the moon is a lot closer than Mars. Plus, we don't know yet if there is life on Mars, and we have to figure that out before we do any life experiments there.
- Bernard Foing, principal scientist for ESA's SMART-1